note Note générale

Overview of Integration-through-Work Practices in Canada

Abstract

This paper examines a variety of integration-through-work (insertion par l’économique) experiences in Canada outside of Quebec. Integration- through-work strategies are presented in two principal types: 1) training strategies, made up of training businesses, on-site training, and sectoral employment development; and 2) job creation strategies, which include self-employment and social enterprise development. Key issues discussed are: the need for simultaneous social and economic integration; job creation and the role of the State; workfare, employment and continued poverty; the strengths and challenges of comprehensive programs; and funding. The authors conclude that while integration-through-work practices can be an important and innovative part of strategies combating poverty, they should be part of a larger and more coordinated community-based effort supported by both the public and private sectors. Further research is recommended on the relationship between microeconomic practices and macroeconomic policies, and how integration- through-work initiatives contribute to individual and collective empowerment, social capital, and strengthening civil society.